Key Points
- Most of the demand is created by sex buyers who are men and who have different reasons for their decisions to engage in this behaviour.
- Addressing the demand should be a crucial part in addressing human trafficking and sexual exploitation.
- Understanding the demand can help inform different approaches in the justice and education system, community responses and beyond so that men can play a role in changing the culture of exploitation.
Slide Deck
Additional Resources
Canadian Human Trafficking Hotline:
1 - 833 - 900 - 1010 OR TEXT 233733
(The Hotline is operating 24 hours, 7 days a week)
For more information about the Human Trafficking Hotline:
EmpowerMen
We engage men and boys to prevent sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of women, girls and 2SLGBTQ + individuals. We activate individual men and communities through education, online engagement, law enforcement, support services and research to challenge the cultural norms of sexual exploitation. We believe that men play a crucial role in this work to promote the health of our communities.
Books
When Men Buy Sex: Who Really Pays?
By Andrea Heinz & Kathy King
This book offers a paradigm shift for anyone who believes the commercial sex industry is harmless.
In a powerful yet sensitive examination, Andrea Heinz, a former sex seller, and Kathy King, a bereaved mother, invite readers to confront the dark reality of prostitution and its connection to human trafficking. Drawing from their personal experiences, the authors shine a light on a variety of topics, including the systemic drivers of oppression, the legal considerations of buying sex, the role of pornography, and the impact of societal complicity.
The Johns: Sex for Sale and the Men Who Buy It
By Victor Malarek
An expose on the sex industry, its customers, and the women who are trafficked from around the world into sexual slavery to meet the demand for paid sex.
Men! Fight for Me: The Role of Authentic Masculinity in Ending Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking
By Alan Smyth & Jessica Midkiff
This book exposes the harsh realities facing vulnerable populations to these criminal enterprises and explores the transformative role of authentic masculinity.
Pornography: Driving the Demand in International Sex Trafficking
by David Guinn and Julie DeCaro
This book explores the links between pornography, prostitution, human trafficking, and sexual exploitation and the role that demand plays in each.
Articles
Defend Dignity, (2023). Sex buyers’ attitudes: A study of Toronto’s online "Escort Review Board".
Smith L., & Healy Vardaman, S. (2010). The Problem of Demand in Combating Sex Trafficking. Revue Internationale de Droit Pénal, 81(3), 607–624.
Article about the role of demand and buyers and why it is crucial to engage men in the prevention of sexual exploitation and trafficking.
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (2020). General Recommendation No.38 (2020) on trafficking in women and girls in the context of global migration. United Nations.
Article that discusses causes of sex trafficking, protection and assistance for victims, victims’ access to justice, and recommendations regarding addressing the root causes of sex trafficking and upholding the human rights of the victims.
Sarai, R. (2022). Preventing harm in the Canadian sex industry: a review of the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act: report of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights. Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights.
Document that reviews the Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act. Covers a wide array of topics such as models of criminalization, Indigenous, migrant, and marginalized experiences, supporting those entrenched and exiting the sex industry, and police mistrust, training, and implementation.
OSCE: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (2021). Discouraging the Demand That Fosters Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation.
Report that focuses on the role of demand in sexual exploitation and provides recommendations for state-led responses to the demand.
Congress of Aboriginal Peoples (n.d.) Unveiling Truths: Sexual Exploitation & Trafficking.
Report on how systems of colonialism have affected the prevalence of Indigenous women and girls being sexually exploited and trafficked. Provides background and recommendations for this issue.
Sex Buyer Interview Articles
Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (2022). From Impunity to Accountability: Deterring Sex Buyers in New York State and Beyond.
Deogan, C., Jacobsson, E., Mannheimer, L., & Björkenstam, C. (2021). Are men who buy sex different from men who do not?: Exploring sex life characteristics based on a randomized population survey in Sweden.
Farley, M., Kleine, I., Neuhaus, K., McDowell, Y., Schulz, S., & Nitschmann, S. (2022). Men who pay for sex in Germany and what they teach us about the failure of legal prostitution: a 6-country report on the sex trade from the perspective of the socially invisible 'freiers'.
Farley, M., Schuckman, E., Golding, J. M., Houser, K., Jarrett, L., Qualliotine, P., & Decker, M. (2011). Comparing sex buyers with men who don’t buy sex. San Francisco, CA: Prostitution Research & Education.
Janson, A. L., Durchslag, R., Mann, H., Marro, R., & Matvey, A. (2013). “Our Great Hobby”: An Analysis for Online Networks for Buyers of Sex in Illinois.
Leung, R., & Gray-Beerman, M. (2023). Sex buyers’ attitudes: A study of Toronto’s online" Escort Review Board". Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being, 8(1), 18-22.
Websites
Demand Forum – Resources for the Prevention of Prostitution and Sex Trafficking
Comprehensive online source for those interested in initiatives that focus on ending sex trafficking. The website includes details on tactics, and how to start, improve and sustain an initiative.
National Centre on Sexual Exploitation
Synthesis of information on sex buying, including a free resource “Why Sex Buyers Must be Stopped and How to do it.”
Videos
Anti-Trafficking International (2022). What About the Buyers? Fighting Human Trafficking by Fighting Demand.
MacInnes, T. & Nason, K. (2013). Buying Sex.
This documentary explores the state of prostitution laws in Canada. It captures the complexity of the issue by listening to the frequently conflicting voices of sex workers, policy-makers, lawyers, and even the male buyers who make their argument for why prostitution is good for society.
Shared Hope International (2013). DEMAND. Documentary (43-minute version).
This documentary focuses on demand factors for sex trafficking, one of the most significant being pornography. It also addresses how all forms of commercial sexual exploitation such as pornography, stripping and prostitution are connected to all other forms such as sex trafficking and sex slavery.